Re-territorializing knowledge-shed | 知识库的再领土化

Botanical gardens have different definitions in different contexts. The multifaceted relationship between plants and human society leads to the complexity of the definition of a botanical garden. In a broad sense, botanical gardens include institutions such as ornamental gardens and medicinal plant gardens that are established for a single species of plant only. In narrow sense, botanical gardens refer to institutions established for a variety of plant resources. The phased development of the nature of botanical gardens also reflects the social structure of human civilisation at different times.

植物园在不同的环境中有不同的定义。植物与人类社会之间的多方面关系导致植物园定义的复杂性。从广义上讲，植物园包括观赏植物园和药用植物园等只为单一植物物种而建立的机构。狭义的植物园是指为多种植物资源而建立的机构。植物园性质的阶段性发展也反映了不同时期人类文明的社会结构。


Ancient to modern botanical gardens (in both the broad and narrow senses) mainly served the political, medical and aesthetic needs of the upper classes, such as the religious, royal and aristocratic classes. Modern botanical gardens serve the public; they collect and display a variety of plant resources, but also undertake a variety of functions such as the promotion of plant science knowledge, scientific research and education. They have science as a common underlying theme, while also emphasizing other ecological and social goals and values.

古代到现代的植物园（广义和狭义）主要服务于宗教、王室和贵族等上层社会的政治、医疗和审美需求。现代植物园服务于公众；它们不仅收集和展示各种植物资源，还承担着推广植物科学知识、科学研究和教育等多种职能。它们以科学为共同的基本主题，同时也强调其他生态和社会目标与价值。


However, it is only in the last 100 years that botanical gardens have moved away from serving royalty, aristocracy and the state apparatus to operate as independent non-profit-making institutions. This shift in identity has been throes for the Botanic Gardens. Firstly, because of the operational difficulties caused when botanical gardens ceased to be a key government investment for colonial purposes; secondly, because the publicization of botanical information led to the emergence of a number of tourist botanical gardens whose core business was selling botanical experiences, leaving traditional botanical gardens with a confused self positioning, and such confusion occurred not only in tourism, but also in commercial scientific collaboration and peripheral product development in botanical gardens. It is therefore an important proposition for contemporary botanic gardens to find the right balance between meeting financial needs and maintaining their core values.

然而，植物园不再为皇室、贵族和国家机器服务，而是作为独立的非营利机构运营，只是近 100 年的事情。这种身份的转变给植物园带来了阵痛。首先，由于植物园不再是政府出于殖民目的而进行的重要投资，给植物园的经营造成了困难；其次，由于植物信息的公开化，出现了一批以出售植物体验为核心业务的旅游植物园，使得传统植物园的自我定位出现了混乱，而这种混乱不仅出现在旅游方面，也出现在植物园的商业科研合作和周边产品开发方面。因此，如何在满足经济需求和保持核心价值之间找到平衡点，是当代植物园面临的重要命题。


In the author's view, the nature of botanical gardens as "institutions holding records of living plants for the purposes of scientific research, conservation, display and education" has never changed since the birth of modern botanical gardens. The reason for their poor operation or confused positioning is that the operation of botanical gardens has not adapted to the social structure of contemporary human civilization. This study will take Queen Sirikit Botanic Garden (QSBG) in Thailand as an example, and discuss the direction of contemporary botanic garden operations based on the public issues, educational resources in Chiang Mai and QSBG's own operational model, research directions .

笔者认为，自现代植物园诞生以来，植物园作为 "以科研、保护、展示和教育为目的，保存活体植物记录的机构 "的性质从未改变。植物园经营不善或定位混乱的原因在于植物园的经营没有适应当代人类文明的社会结构。本研究将以泰国诗丽吉王后植物园（QSBG）为例，基于清迈的公共问题、教育资源以及 QSBG 自身的运营模式、研究方向，探讨当代植物园的运营方向。